patens continues to be the most popular model for moss research. patens, and 5 articles included mosses besides P. This includes 4 review articles and 12 research articles. 2021, respectively), we published a total of 16 articles in this special issue. Including the two articles that have been already published in the May and June issue (Lyapina et al. patens, but excludes articles that would concern other bryophytes and flagellated plants, including charophytes, that would deserve more than a single special issue. Therefore, we decided to use the term 'moss' for this special issue because it is broad enough not to limit the issue to articles dedicated only to P.

In addition to this, the genome sequences of many more bryophytes are expected to be reported in the near future. Towards completion of the picture in bryophytes, last year, the genome of the hornwort was finally published (Zhang et al.

2017), and this plant is now being actively studied. In the last decade, the liverwort, Marchantia polymorpha, has also attracted attention as an additional model, with the report of its genome sequence in 2017 (Bowman et al. The moss, Physcomitrium patens began to attract attention in the late 1990s as a model for mosses and as the first bryophyte whose whole genome was revealed (Schaefer and Zryd 1997 Rensing et al. Thanks to the huge efforts made by the plant community to gather data on the genome sequences and expressed genes in various plants, it is now no longer necessary to focus on only one type of a model plant to study. Based on the research background of the editors, we thought about whether to include Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella), Bryophytes-mosses, liverworts, and hornworts-or more broadly flagellated plants, i.e., photosynthetic eukaryotes that have not lost (sperm) motility (see, iMOSS, international molecular moss science society iMOSS web page, ). When we received the proposal for the special issue, we first thought about how we would title it. The Editors are pleased to present a special issue on the molecular biology of mosses.

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